Your child may be a victim of bullying if he or she:
Comes home from school with torn, damaged or missing clothing, books and/or belongings.
Has unexplained injuries - bruises, cuts, scratches.
Seems isolated from other children, doesn't have close friends and doesn't bring friends home or go to other kids' houses.
Is fearful about attending school, riding the bus or walking to or from school.
Takes a longer or unusual route to school.
Asks for or takes money from family members.
Has problems sleeping.
Loses interest in school work or has a decline in grades or academic achievement.
Appears anxious, depressed, unhappy, distressed or tearful when he or she comes home from school, or has unexplained mood shifts.
Talks about or attempts suicide.
What should parents do?
Take complaints of bullying seriously. Be educated about and sensitive to the issue.
Encourage your child to share problems with you - reassure them that they are not tattling and that they won't have to face the problem alone.
Praise your child for their accomplishments and differences - a confident child is less likely to be targeted.
Help your child make friends.
Encourage your child to participate in sports - physical exercise can result in better physical coordination and increase self-esteem.
Talk with your child about strategies for dealing with the bully.
Accompany your child to school if bullying happens on the way to school.
Work with other parents to make your neighborhood safe.
Contact the school to make sure your child is safe by finding out whether monitoring is adequate.
Ask for a conference with school administrators and the bully's parents.
Keep a detailed record of bullying episodes and communications with the school.
Seek help from mental health professionals.
Don't expect students to solve the problem themselves.
Your child may be a bully if he or she:
Frequently hits, kicks, pushes or chokes other kids.
Engages in name-calling, threats, taunts and otherwise verbally attacks other children.
Intentionally excludes other kids.
Is hot-tempered, impulsive, has low frustration tolerance.
Has difficulty conforming to rules.
Is defiant and aggressive toward adults and authority figures.
Is good at talking himself or herself out of situations.
Has average or better than average self-esteem.
Is likely to be popular.
Has a negative attitude toward school, including lower grades.
What should parents do?
Make it clear to your child that you take bullying seriously and will not tolerate such behavior.
Develop a consistent family rules system, using non-hostile negative consequences when rules are broken.
Set a good example for your child. If children see aggressive behavior, they are more likely to act aggressively toward other kids.
Spend more time with your child, get to know their friends, monitor and supervise their activities, know where they spend their free time and what they do there.
Maintain contact with your child's school and support the school's efforts to modify your child's behavior.
Seek help from a mental health professional.